U.S. Energy Information Administration
Naphthas and Lighter
EIA petroleum pnp inpt3 data for Naphthas and Lighter.
Series
18
normalized EIA series
Observations
128
records in the database
Latest record
31 Mar 2026
newest observation
Cadences
2
annual, monthly
Stale petroleum series
6 of 18 series for this product have not updated within their expected cadence. They remain available for historical analysis.
Series chart
Selected series performance
Latest
No value
No observation
Change
No prior value
No prior value
52W high
No value
No observation
52W low
No value
No observation
ATH
No value
No observation
ATL
No value
No observation
Series
Available petroleum series
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlyU.S.monthly2 MBBL/D31 Mar 2026 · 18 rows
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlyU.S.monthly47 MBBL31 Mar 2026 · 18 rows
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlyPADD 1monthly2 MBBL/D31 Mar 2026 · 18 rows
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlyPADD 1monthly47 MBBL31 Mar 2026 · 18 rows
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlyNAmonthly2 MBBL/D31 Mar 2026 · 18 rows
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlyNAmonthly47 MBBL31 Mar 2026 · 18 rows
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-annualU.S.annual670 MBBL31 Dec 2025 · 3 rows
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-annualU.S.annual2 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025 · 3 rows
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-annualPADD 1annual670 MBBL31 Dec 2025 · 2 rows
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-annualPADD 1annual2 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025 · 2 rows
Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r30-mbbl-annualPADD 3Staleannual111 MBBL31 Dec 2022 · 1 rows
Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r30-mbbld-annualPADD 3Staleannual0 MBBL/D31 Dec 2022 · 1 rows
Refining District Texas Inland Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r3a-mbbl-annualNAStaleannual-1 MBBL31 Dec 2022 · 1 rows
Refining District Texas Inland Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r3a-mbbld-annualNAStaleannual0 MBBL/D31 Dec 2022 · 1 rows
Refining District Louisiana Gulf Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r3c-mbbl-annualNAStaleannual112 MBBL31 Dec 2022 · 1 rows
Refining District Louisiana Gulf Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r3c-mbbld-annualNAStaleannual0 MBBL/D31 Dec 2022 · 1 rows
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-annualNAannual670 MBBL31 Dec 2025 · 2 rows
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-annualNAannual2 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025 · 2 rows
Latest observations
Recent records
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D31 Mar 2026
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly47 MBBL31 Mar 2026
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D31 Mar 2026
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly47 MBBL31 Mar 2026
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D31 Mar 2026
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly47 MBBL31 Mar 2026
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D28 Feb 2026
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly42 MBBL28 Feb 2026
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D28 Feb 2026
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly42 MBBL28 Feb 2026
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D28 Feb 2026
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly42 MBBL28 Feb 2026
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly1 MBBL/D31 Jan 2026
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly46 MBBL31 Jan 2026
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly1 MBBL/D31 Jan 2026
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly46 MBBL31 Jan 2026
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly1 MBBL/D31 Jan 2026
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly46 MBBL31 Jan 2026
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-annualannual670 MBBL31 Dec 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-annualannual2 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly0 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly12 MBBL31 Dec 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-annualannual670 MBBL31 Dec 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-annualannual2 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly0 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly12 MBBL31 Dec 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-annualannual670 MBBL31 Dec 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-annualannual2 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly0 MBBL/D31 Dec 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly12 MBBL31 Dec 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D30 Nov 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly66 MBBL30 Nov 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D30 Nov 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly66 MBBL30 Nov 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly2 MBBL/D30 Nov 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly66 MBBL30 Nov 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly1 MBBL/D31 Oct 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly27 MBBL31 Oct 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly1 MBBL/D31 Oct 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly27 MBBL31 Oct 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly1 MBBL/D31 Oct 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly27 MBBL31 Oct 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly0 MBBL/D30 Sept 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly12 MBBL30 Sept 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly0 MBBL/D30 Sept 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly12 MBBL30 Sept 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly0 MBBL/D30 Sept 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly12 MBBL30 Sept 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Aug 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly79 MBBL31 Aug 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Aug 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly79 MBBL31 Aug 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Aug 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly79 MBBL31 Aug 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Jul 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly88 MBBL31 Jul 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Jul 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly88 MBBL31 Jul 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Jul 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly88 MBBL31 Jul 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly6 MBBL/D30 Jun 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly192 MBBL30 Jun 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly6 MBBL/D30 Jun 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly192 MBBL30 Jun 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly6 MBBL/D30 Jun 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly192 MBBL30 Jun 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D30 Apr 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly97 MBBL30 Apr 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D30 Apr 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly97 MBBL30 Apr 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D30 Apr 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly97 MBBL30 Apr 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Mar 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-monthlymonthly97 MBBL31 Mar 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Mar 2025
East Coast (PADD 1) Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-r10-mbbl-monthlymonthly97 MBBL31 Mar 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbld-monthlymonthly3 MBBL/D31 Mar 2025
Refining District East Coast Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-rec-mbbl-monthlymonthly97 MBBL31 Mar 2025
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbl-annualannual1,196 MBBL31 Dec 2024
U.S. Blender Net Input of Naphthas and Lighter (Thousand Barrels per Day)eia-petroleum-petroleum-pnp-inpt3-m-epoun-yib-nus-mbbld-annualannual3 MBBL/D31 Dec 2024
Sources and methodology
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Open Data. Petroleum series include the cadence, product group, process, and geography published by EIA. World Price Index normalizes source data for charting and API access and does not imply EIA endorsement.